On Sunday, June 1, 2025, the second round of presidential elections took place in Poland, where Karol Nawrocki (51%) narrowly defeated Rafał Trzaskowski (49%). Immediately after the vote, the Central European Digital Media Observatory – CEDMO surveyed Polish citizens to assess concerns about foreign and supranational interference in the electoral process.

In parallel, CEDMO monitored the spread of information manipulation online during the campaign. With parliamentary elections approaching in the Czech Republic (October 2025) and scheduled for 2027 in Slovakia, the team extended its analysis to include both countries.

The CEDMO Special Brief available below summarises key findings, including voter demographics and opinions on election interference, migration, climate change, election integrity, fraud, and AI-generated content.

Additional insights from the June 2025 CEDMO Trends survey:

• Poland: Russia (47%) is seen as the most likely to interfere, followed by the EU (39%) and the US (35%).
• Czech Republic: Respondents point to Russia (42%), the EU (41%), and the US (29%) as likely influencers.
• Slovakia: Views differ—respondents consider the EU (46%) the most likely to interfere, followed by the US (39%) and Russia (38%).

Compared to spring 2024:

• Concern about Russian influence in Poland dropped significantly (from 63% to 47%).
• Concern about EU influence in Slovakia rose slightly.

Author: CEDMO

Date of publication: July 14, 2025